Fang FC, Steen RG, Casadevall A. Misconduct accounts for the majority of retracted scientific publications. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2012;109(42):16751-16752
(doi: 10.1073/iti4212109)
A detailed review of all 2,047 biomedical and life-science research articles indexed by PubMed as retracted on May 3, 2012 revealed that only 21.3% of retractions were attributable to error. In contrast, 67.4% of retractions were attributable to misconduct, including fraud, duplicate publication and plagiarism.
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2012/09/27/1212247109
(doi: 10.1073/iti4212109)
A detailed review of all 2,047 biomedical and life-science research articles indexed by PubMed as retracted on May 3, 2012 revealed that only 21.3% of retractions were attributable to error. In contrast, 67.4% of retractions were attributable to misconduct, including fraud, duplicate publication and plagiarism.
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2012/09/27/1212247109
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